This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. ![]() A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. What is chemical bond, ionic bond, Molecular bond? Chemical bond. Īnswer: CS2 ( Carbon disulfide ) is a Molecular bond. The general formula for linear geometry is AX2, and thus CS2 shows linear geometry. To determine the molecular geometry of a molecule, we need to get familiar with a concept called VSEPR theory.Īs the hybridization of CS2 is sp hybridization, the Carbon atom is in center bonding with two sulfur atoms forms the bond angle of 180 degrees, making the molecular geometry of CS2 molecule linear. Here, the bond angles form an angle of 180 degrees. Molecular Geometry of CS2 As discussed earlier, CS2 has a linear shape. Molecular geometry As the hybridization of CS2 is sp hybridization, the Carbon atom is in center bonding with two sulfur atoms forms the bond angle of 180 degrees, making the molecular geometry of CS2 molecule linear. The molecular geometry of CS2 is linear with symmetric electron region distribution around the central atom. What is the geometry and polarity of the carbon disulfide molecule? Although carbon and sulfur differ in their electronegativity and C-S bond is polar, the polarity of both opposite C-S bonds gets canceled by each other resulting in a nonpolar molecule. The general formula for linear geometry is AX2, and thus CS2 shows linear geometry.ĬS2 (Carbon disulfide) is nonpolar because of its symmetric (linear) shape. The number of valence electrons in both S and O atoms is six….SO2 Lewis Structure| 4 Simple Steps. SO2 Lewis structure would comprise of two atoms of oxygen (O) and one sulfur atom. ![]() In the carbon dioxide, the two double bonds try to get as far apart as possible, and so the molecule is linear. Carbon dioxide is linear, while sulphur dioxide is bent (V-shaped). We will find the hybrid orbitals formed to predict the geometry of the molecule: Valance electrons of C=4. Hence, the molecular shape of CS2−3 C S 3 2 − is Trigonal Planar. Hence, the molecule is sp2 s p 2 hybridized with all three bond pairs. Is CS2 bent or linear?Īs the hybridization of CS2 is sp hybridization, the Carbon atom is in center bonding with two sulfur atoms forms the bond angle of 180 degrees, making the molecular geometry of CS2 molecule linear. The carbon atom is between the sulfur atoms.īoth electron domains are bonding pairs, so CO2 has a linear molecular geometry with a bond angle of 180°.
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You guessed it, didn’t you? Conspicuous by their absence are Android TV and Chromecast. The old design was more likely to block access to adjacent HDMI slots, though it did include a cable extension if that was a problem.Apple TV+ supports a wide range of platforms including iPhone, iPad, Apple TV, Mac, Amazon Fire TV, Roku and some latest sets from Samsung, Roku, LG, Vizio, and Sony. ![]() The biggest change is the physical design, which now hangs freely away from the TV’s HDMI port through a bit of extra cable, and the device is available in three colors. What’s the difference between the old and new Chromecasts? It’s not the most elegant naming scheme, but think of it this way: Chromecast is basically a cheap product for adding Google Cast capabilities to devices that don’t have them built in already. There are also Google Cast-enabled home speakers, which stream Internet music from the same apps that Chromecast supports. Android TV devices, for instance, are Google Cast-enabled, giving them all the same capabilities as Chromecast. Google Cast is the underlying technology, which appears in other products beyond Chromecast. What’s this “Google Cast” I keep hearing about? Chromecast also supports media servers such as Plex for streaming from a networked PC or NAS box. Google doesn’t build this capability into its own software, but third-party apps such as BubbleUPnP and AllCast can serve this purpose. While mirroring can be useful for watching content that doesn’t support Chromecast natively, it does have some downsides: The quality of the stream can be unreliable, and it’s a major drain on battery life.Ĭan I play back locally stored photos, videos, or music? Laptops and desktop PCs can mirror any open browser tab in Chrome with the Google Cast extension installed. There’s no way to mirror from iOS devices. Screen mirroring is supported on phones and tablets running Android 4.4.2 or higher, and is optimized to work best on a subset of these devices. Can I mirror my device’s display on the big screen? But so far, very few app makers have gotten on board. Chromecast’s main advantage is that it supports considerably more apps.ĭown the road, Amazon may have an answer to Chromecast with Fling, which promises to let app makers easily port their Cast-enabled functions to Fire TV. You’ll find this capability in some smart TVs as well. But even this is becoming less of a differentiator as more apps support Chromecast.ĭoes anything similar exist on other media streamers, such as Roku or Amazon Fire TV?īoth Fire TV and Roku support casting videos from YouTube and Netflix, using an open protocol known as DIAL. If there’s an advantage to AirPlay, it’s that it works with most apps without developers needing to do anything to support it. Casting has virtually no impact on battery life either, since it’s not responsible for beaming the actual content. Your iPhone or iPad must remain connected to the network, and it can’t play any other video or music while AirPlay is in use.īy comparison, Chromecast merely sends a set of instructions to the television, which then starts streaming straight from the Internet, so you’re free to use your phone or tablet however you want. In most cases, AirPlay works by beaming the video or audio directly from an iOS device to the television over Wi-Fi. How is this different from Apple TV’s AirPlay? The Chromecast companion app offers a starting point for search and recommendations. (A similar update is coming to iOS.) You’ll find a deep dive into the apps strengths and quirks here. The full list of supported apps is here.ĭoes it have universal search, like other streaming players?Īs of this week, Google’s Chromecast app for Android lets you search across streaming services and get recommendations from the apps you already have. And beyond just streaming media, Chromecast has apps for viewing photos, sharing presentations, and playing games. ![]() ![]() (It’s complicated.)Ĭhromecast also supports a fair number of streaming-music services, such as Pandora, Spotify, and iHeartRadio. One noteworthy exception is Amazon Video. Most of the major streaming-video services are on board, including Netflix, Hulu, YouTube, HBO Now, Showtime, and Sling TV. Just look for the Cast button among the website’s playback controls. If you have a laptop or desktop running Google’s Chrome browser, you can also cast from the websites of some streaming services, provided you first install the Google Cast extension. This works with both iOS and Android apps.Ĭasting a baseball game from MLB At Bat’s Android app. Select a video and playback begins on your television a few seconds later. Supported apps display a Cast button, which you can press to connect with Chromecast. ![]() But instead of including a traditional remote control, Chromecast uses the apps that are already on your phone or tablet to send video to the television. Now when clicked the button will open the Preferences window. Release the mouse and select the Show action segue. The Preferences window will become highlighted. Hold ctrl while click and dragging from the button to the new Preferences window. Now we have the button but we need to make it do something. Select the button and go to the Attributes inspector. Press the library button, search for Push Button and drag it into the Main view controller. Let’s create a button on the Main view controller and set it up so that when it’s pressed it shows the preferences window. Linking the main app window to the preferences window We can do this by going to Main.storyboard, clicking the Library button, searching for Window View Controller and then drag a new Window Controller next to our Main window. With the app created we need to create the Preferences window. In the second panel, make sure “Use Storyboards” is selected. ![]() We need to make sure “MacOS” and “Cocoa App” are selected. This tutorial uses Xcode 10.2 and Swift 5.įirst things first, let’s create a new Mac project in Xcode, I called mine GlobalConfigKeybind.
In fact, while the free version of Skype remains the same, Skype for Business is taken over by Microsoft Teams. Developed by Microsoft, it’s one of the best alternatives to Skype. Microsoft Teams is a business communication platform with chat, voice, and video features. The internal chat system supports tagging, notifications, voice messages, and other features that you won’t find on Skype.īusinesses looking to implement a team collaboration and project management solution.Chanty offers project management features along with communication tools.Business – $3 per user per month, paid annually.Voice messages make team communication easy It’s a great platform for internal team communication Video calls are not a part of the free plan The project management features help streamline projects and tasks Voice messages – Send voice messages to team members through the app.įeedback on Chanty from Real-World Users Chanty Pros. ![]()
Of course, this technique also requires that the target 6to4 tunnels are another popular,įree approach. Other tunnel brokers are listed at Wikipedia. Since my ISPs do not provide IPv6 addresses, I use the free IPv6 tunnel It must have an IPv6 address and routing information. In order to perform an IPv6 scan, a system must be configuredįor IPv6. Is available, and waiting to be queried by an IPv6-enabledĭetection, which supports IPv6. Yet scanning the same host with IPv6 shows no filtered ports! The first scan shows numerous filtered ports, includingįrequently exploitable services such as SunRPC, Windows NetBIOS, and Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 19.01 seconds Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 34.47 seconds Normal scan, followed by a -g 88 scan are shown in The Windows IPsec source port 88 bug against one of his clients. Posted example Nmap scans to Bugtraq that demonstrate exploitation of Support the option completely, as does UDP scan. Nmap must use different port numbersįor certain OS detection tests to work properly. Simply provide a port number, and Nmap will send packetsįrom that port where possible. Options (they are equivalent) to exploit these With the source port 53 (DNS) or 67 (DHCP). Zone Alarm personal firewall (versions up to 2.1.25) allowed any incoming UDP packets Yet another pathetic example of this configuration is that GUI, packets from port 67 (DHCP) and 5,353 (Zeroconf) pass right That even if you enable the “ Block UDP Traffic” box in the firewall Shouldn't get too smug about this because the firewall which shipped Shipped with Windows 2000 and Windows XP contain an implicit rule thatĪllows all TCP or UDP traffic from port 88 (Kerberos). Numerous products have shipped with these insecure Overworked network administrators are not the only ones to fall Short-term stop-gap measure until they can implement a more secure ![]() In other cases, administrators consider this a They often assume that no attacker would notice andĮxploit such firewall holes. Have fallen into the trap of simply allowing incoming traffic from Noting thatĭNS replies come from port 53 and active FTP from port 20, many administrators Unfortunately there are also easier, insecure solutions. ![]() Secure solutions to these problems exist, often in the form ofĪpplication-level proxies or protocol-parsing firewall modules. The remote server tries to establish a connection back to the client In particular, DNS may be brokenīecause the UDP DNS replies from external servers can no longer enter Only to be flooded with complains from ungrateful users whoseĪpplications stopped working. An administrator will set up a shiny new firewall, One surprisingly common misconfiguration is to trust trafficīased only on the source port number. Rest is brushing their teeth daily and trimming their nails per month. They are clean dog therefore don’t require frequent bath. You can enhance the natural sheen of their coat by weekly rubbing. Training will not require too much effort, as they are intelligent dogs. Minor Concerns– Colitis, Gastric Torsion, Corneal Erosion, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Tumors Major Concerns– Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD), Cardiomyopathy, Subaortic Stenosis (SAS) They are friendly with kids and other animals Recommended daily amount should be 2 to 3 cups of nutritious dry food per day, which is divided into two meals. Intelligent, Playful, Friendly, Loyal, Energetic, Devoted, Calm, Confident, Cheerful, Fearless, Brave, Bright Boxer dog breed information Breed Nameįemale: 21–24 inches (53–60 cm)Male: 22–25 inches (56–63 cm) The Boxers and Bullies Charitable Trust is a registered charity (CC56347) working hard to provide support to owners of Boxer and Bull-breed dogs, and assist in. It is also recommended to see proper health certificate of parents of puppy to avoid chances of genetic disorders. URGENT: This animal could be euthanized if not adopted soon. ![]() But, don’t purchase it from puppy mill or puppy shop because dog breeding is not hygienic at these places and dogs purchased from these places are often prone to various diseases. You can easily purchase it from the certified dog breeders in Delhi/NCR. These dogs are wonderful options for those owners who can train them firmly, consistently and fairly.īoxer price in Delhi/NCR and All Over India – Buy Boxer Dogīoxers are available in the price range starting from INR 6000 to 50,000. They love to walk, play game or spend some quality time on the sofa with you. These dogs can be suspicious and alert, but not so aggressive with the strangers. A well-socialized and well-bred boxer is friendly with kids and people he knows. One of most popular dogs in America, Boxer is a sweet, silly and mischievous dog that likes to clown around with its human companions. Find healthy and vaccinated boxer puppies in India at highly discounted prices. Will find the site both interesting and informative.Boxer puppies are available for sale in Delhi/NCR. Whether you are interested in adopting a rescued Boxer, looking to rehome your Boxer, are interested in fostering an older Boxer, or simply have a love of the Boxer breed, we hope you Any training and socialising work willĪlso commence, and we will support new families with the knowledge that allows the dogs to flourish. When a dog comes into rescue, the Team will assess its needs and provide all the vaccinations, neutering / spaying and medical care as required. ![]() Our Coordinators will work with you to find a dog that suits both the dog and your family, giving the best chance for it being a Fur-Ever home. We believe every dog that comes into rescue is different and will have different needs every potential family is also different and our job is to find that perfect match. We are, however, an independent rescue organisation and do not operate in association with any other Boxer rescue Support from many other organisations including the Anglian Boxer Club. As a result of our work, we are recognised by the Kennel Club as a breed rescue. Help or reassurance, including the education of the public about the welfare of all Boxer dogs. ![]() We offer guidance and advice to anyone seeking We are an ethically run rescue with the very highest of welfare standards and care and are committed to promoting responsible dog ownership. Notts and Yorkshire Boxer Rescue is a registered charity run entirely on a voluntary basis by a dedicated team of people who have a passion for the breed.Īlthough our name may suggest we are regional, we do in fact, rescue and re-home throughout the UK and have a network of volunteers who assist us. ![]() Included with the purchase of a Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 Ruin action figure from participating retailers. Redeem this code through your platform's marketplace. Redeem this code at /redeem to receive your Calling Card.Ī second code to redeem Call of Duty Points will be emailed when Call of Duty Points go live in Call of Duty: Black Ops 4. Your code to redeem your Calling Card and Call of Duty Points will be provided by Lovesac. Included with a qualifying purchase of Lovesac/Black Ops 4 product while supplies last. Lovesac Calling Card and 9,500 Call of Duty Points Your code to redeem your Calling Card will be provided by your retailer. Included with the purchase of Call of Duty: Black Ops 4.Īvailable in select European and Asia Pacific countries only. Your code to redeem your Calling Card will be inside the KontrolFreek packaging. Included with the purchase of a Call of Duty: Black Ops 4-branded Performance Thumbsticks caps from KontrolFreek. ![]() Your code is printed at the bottom of your receipt. Limit 40 hours per account maximum of one hour may be used per day. Included with the purchase of specially-marked Call of Duty Black Whopper. Store/In-Store Pickup purchases: Your code will be printed on your receipt at time of pickup. Online purchases: Your code will be emailed within two business days after your order ships. Included when you pre-order any edition of Call of Duty: Black Ops 4.Īvailable first through GameStop the United States. Your codes will be printed on your receipt at the time of purchase. Included with the purchase of items from participating Smoke’s Poutinerie. Your codes to redeem your Digital Content will be printed on your receipt at the time of purchase. One code per purchase.Īvailable in select European countries only. Included with the purchase of menu items from participating Pizza Hut restaurants. Your code to redeem your Digital Content will be inside the 5 Gum packaging. Included with the purchase of specially-marked packs of 5 Gum.įirst code redeemed grants the Tag. "Classified" map must be downloaded separately after redeeming your Black Ops Pass code through your platform's marketplace. Included with the Black Ops Pass for Call of Duty: Black Ops 4. Your unlock token will be available in game at launch. You are automatically entitled if you reached max level in the Black Ops 4 Multiplayer Beta. You are automatically entitled if you participated in the Black Ops 4 Multiplayer Beta.īlack Ops 4 Beta Calling Card will be available in game at launch.Ĭall of Duty: Black Ops 4 Beta Unlock Token Redeem your code at /redeem.Ĭall of Duty: Black Ops 4 Beta Calling Card Your code to redeem your Calling Card will be inside the Cable Guys packaging. Included with the purchase of a Call of Duty: Black Ops 4-themed controller stand from Cable Guys. Included with the purchase of Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 at select retailers. – 1,100 Call of Duty Points, Gesture, Calling Card, Emblem, Sticker, Tag, Black Ops Specialist Outfit Your code to redeem your Calling Card will be printed on an insert in the game case. Included with the purchase of the Pro Edition of Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 from select retailers. How do I redeem a code through my platform's marketplace? Your code to redeem your Digital Bonus Items will be printed on an insert in the game case. Included with the purchase of the Pro and Mystery Box Editions of Call of Duty: Black Ops 4. Included with the purchase of the Digital Standard Edition of Call of Duty: Black Ops 4.ĭigital Bonus Items - Pro and Mystery Box Editions – Call of Duty Points, Black Ops Outfit for all Specialists, Sitting Bull Gesture, Black Ops Skull Calling Card, Black Ops Skull Emblem, Black Ops Skull Sticker, Black Ops Skull Tag Your Digital Bonus Items will be installed when you download Call of Duty: Black Ops 4.ĭigital Bonus Items - Digital Standard Edition Included with the purchase of the Digital Deluxe and Digital Deluxe Enhanced Editions of Call of Duty: Black Ops 4.ĭia de los Muertos Specialist Outfit is unlocked with a token, allowing you to choose which Specialist gets the outfit. – Call of Duty Points, Patriot Signature Weapon, Dia de los Muertos Specialist Outfit, Black Ops Outfit for all Specialists, Sitting Bull Gesture, Black Ops Skull Calling Card, Black Ops Skull Emblem, Black Ops Skull Sticker, Black Ops Skull Tag Please note: Some bonus content items may be made available to purchase individually at a later date.ĭigital Bonus Items - Digital Deluxe and Digital Deluxe Enhanced Editions Otherwise, you might need to restart the game to receive your items. We recommend redeeming codes without the game running. Use the tracker to find out what to do to get your bonus content. I setup LDAP for the Phantom server and added 1 additional user after applying the license key.Ĥ. opt/phantom/etc/ssl/certs/httpd_cert.crt ![]() I created an SSL certificate using the AWS certificate manager and applied the SSL certificates to the below location and backed up the originals as noted in the documetation. Use AWS Phantom AMI to Launch the instanceĢ. So curl works now but it is crying about self signed SSL certificates.ġ. ![]() Libnsock nsock_trace_handler_callback(): Callback: READ EOF for EID 18 so it turns out i had some DNS issues within the environment which i have since resolved. Libnsock nsock_readbytes(): Read request for 0 bytes from IOD #2 EID 26 Libnsock nsock_read(): Read request from IOD #1 (timeout: -1ms) EID 18 Libnsock nsock_iod_new2(): nsock_iod_new (IOD #2) Libnsock nsock_trace_handler_callback(): Callback: CONNECT SUCCESS for EID 8 Libnsock nsock_connect_tcp(): TCP connection requested to .xxx:443 (IOD #1) EID 8 Libnsock nsock_iod_new2(): nsock_iod_new (IOD #1) NCAT DEBUG: Unable to load trusted CA certificates from /usr/share/ncat/ca-bundle.crt: error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory NCAT DEBUG: Using system default trusted CA certificates and those in /usr/share/ncat/ca-bundle.crt. ![]() No ERROR logs on the Splunk side which is odd. How to fix it, please visit the web page mentioned above. So the curl does not resolve to the DNS name.Ĭurl: (6) Could not resolve host: ~]$ curl -X Get " " -H "Authorization: Bearer token"Ĭurl: (60) SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate in certificate chainĬurl failed to verify the legitimacy of the server and therefore could notĮstablish a secure connection to it. Treat your windows with a set of color-blocked curtains in these hues, or pair lighter tone orange roman shades with deeper navy blue drapes in front. They work well together because when blue and orange are combined in a room, the intense drama of the orange is offset by the calming feeling of the blue. OUR FAVORITE ‘POP’ HUE TO PAIR WITH BLUE: ORANGEįor a high-energy, striking look, we love a saturated hue like cobalt blue paired with a vibrant orange. ![]() And if you’re one who can never tire of watching the sea, this drapery set is going to take your gaze forever. A sea blue drapery set trimmed with lush white pompoms wriggling with the passing winds against a soft beige textured wall will effortlessly evoke memories of a splishy-splashy time spent at the beach washed by the pendulating waves. A pair of navy blue curtains set against white walls is all you need to bring serenity and calm feeling to any room in your house.įor a nautical vibe, so much the better if you have a coastal design, bring the surge of the waves to your ears by pairing sandy beige and blue. ![]() Although white is a neutral color, when paired with blue, it doubles the coolness of blue. Known more famously for chinoiserie pottery, the blue-white combo does not just offer brilliant contrast but also coolness to the space with its subtle allusion to water sources. OUR FAVORITE NEUTRALS TO PAIR WITH BLUE: WHITE & BEIGEįor a classic color scheme that never goes out of style, you can’t go wrong with blue and white. When used in plush velvet and lustrous silk drapes, dark blue shades pronounce pure opulence while in sheers, that solemn graveness gives way to frolicsome bliss in the blink of an eye. Hence, carefully balancing out its effect by packing cheery hues in other elements is highly recommended. Darker shades of blue are sometimes associated with emotional pain and melancholy. Not as intimidating as stark black, Oxford blue, indigo & navy blue curtains can be fantastic backdrops for cane and white furniture, and provide high contrast to light-hued walls and pale wooden floors. GO DARK FOR A DRAMATIC EFFECT: As is the case with most colors, the darker shades pack drama to a space. ![]() Pick blue curtains in any light hue of this color to bank on its comforting vibe and positive energy. If color psychology is to be believed, the lighter shades of blue inspire positivity, stimulate clear thought, and aid concentration. Since colors evoke feelings in association with past memories, it can be easily seen why light blue is used to denote stability and composure. The famous and common allusion of blue with serenity and calmness is mostly mentioned in relation with the light blue color which is found in the clear sky and the peaceful oceans.
The inherent ambiguity in most other systems ends up being a near-term security defense against AI hacking. These are artificial and constrained, with all of the rules specified to the AI. This is why most of the current examples of goal and reward hacking come from simulated environments. And there’s no context to know outside of those things that would muddy the waters. In chess, the rules, objective, and feedback-did you win or lose?-are all precisely specified. And the AI needs some sort of feedback on how well it’s doing so that it can improve. Goals-known in AI as objective functions-need to be established. For an AI to even start on optimizing a problem, let alone hacking a completely novel solution, all of the rules of the environment must be formalized in a way the computer can understand. How realistic is AI hacking in the real world? The feasibility of an AI inventing a new hack depends a lot on the specific system being modeled. But the lesson of the genie is that there will always be unanticipated hacks. And yes, knowing the Volkswagen story, we can explicitly set the goal to avoid that particular hack. And because of the explainability problem, no one will realize what the AI did. The programmers will be satisfied, the accountants ecstatic. Unless the programmers specify the goal of not behaving differently when being tested, an AI might come up with the same hack. It won’t understand that the Volkswagen solution harms others, undermines the intent of the emissions control tests, and is breaking the law. ![]() It will think “out of the box” simply because it won’t have a conception of the box. If I asked you to design a car’s engine control software to maximize performance while still passing emissions control tests, you wouldn’t design the software to cheat without understanding that you were cheating. Their cheat remained undetected for years. They programmed their engine to detect emissions control testing, and to behave differently. This wasn’t AI-human engineers programmed a regular computer to cheat-but it illustrates the problem. In 2015, Volkswagen was caught cheating on emissions control tests. And AIs won’t be able to completely understand context. While humans most often implicitly understand context and usually act in good faith, we can’t completely specify goals to an AI. Any goal we specify will necessarily be incomplete. We never describe all the options, or include all the applicable caveats, exceptions, and provisos. Goals and desires are always underspecified in human language and thought. Whatever you wish for, he will always be able to grant it in a way you wish he hadn’t. We know this, but there’s still no way to outsmart the genie. Genies are very precise about the wording of wishes and can be maliciously pedantic. It’s a specification problem: Midas programmed the wrong goal into the system. He ends up starving and miserable when his food, drink, and daughter all turn to gold. When the god Dionysus grants him a wish, Midas asks that everything he touches turns to gold. We learned about this hacking problem as children with the story of King Midas. If there are problems, inconsistencies, or loopholes in the rules, and if those properties lead to an acceptable solution as defined by the rules, then AIs will find these hacks. ![]() Or the robot vacuum cleaner that instead of learning to not bump into things, it learned to drive backwards, where there were no sensors telling it it was bumping into things. Or another simulation, where an AI figured out that instead of running, it could make itself tall enough to cross a distant finish line by falling over it. Take a soccer simulation where an AI figured out that if it kicked the ball out of bounds, the goalie would have to throw the ball in and leave the goal undefended. This reward hacking involves achieving a goal but in a way the AI’s designers neither wanted nor intended. That’s because AIs don’t think in terms of the implications, context, norms, and values we humans share and take for granted. Because AIs don’t solve problems in the same way people do, they will invariably stumble on solutions we humans might never have anticipated-and some will subvert the intent of the system. ![]() Separately, AIs can engage in something called reward hacking. |
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